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The Court of Appeals upheld the rulings on March 13, 1950, with Chief Justice Edward W. Hudgins writing: "one can hardly conceive of a more atrocious, a more beastly crime". [7] From 1908 to 1951, only Texas, North Carolina and Georgia executed more black men for rape than did Virginia. The hope generated by the Scottsboro campaign in the 1930s was followed by bitter setbacks in the post-World War II period. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Learn more about merges. After a long legal battle led by the NAACP and a grassroots campaign led by the Civil Rights Congress, the seven were executed in 1951 on February 2nd and February 5th. The February 10, 1951 national edition of the Afro American headlines the mass execution of the Martinsville 7 in Virginia. There was considerable community sentiment against the men. Grayson said he was 4 years old when his father was executed. While Ruby Stroud Floyd was being treated in hospital after the alleged rape, police arrested six suspects, and two days later a seventh. The CRC focused on producing pamphlets and publicity for outside campaigns to raise awareness about the case, including internationally, and hoped to put pressure on government officials. Gravely also does not believe everything has come out about the case. He said none of the men had attorneys present while they were interrogated. [2], Rise says that the white community disdained Ruby Floyd for her missionary work with the Jehovah's Witnesses and for her willingness to enter the black part of Martinsville. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? The police first arrested Frank Hairston, Jr. and Booker T. Millner, and soon picked up James Luther Hairston, Howard Lee Hairston, John Clabon Taylor, Francis DeSales Grayson, then James Henry Hampton as additional suspects. Appeals to the Virginia and U.S. supreme courts followed but also failed. [8][16], On August 31, 2021, Governor Ralph Northam posthumously pardoned all seven men. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? "[2] The prosecution did not explicitly discuss race; it argued the case based on the "preservation of community stability, not the protection of southern womanly virtues,"[2] as had formerly been common. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Try again later. 2021 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Martinsville 7 were seven African American men sentenced to death for the rape of a white woman in Virginia. "I think I touched a nerve. Our deepest condolences and heartfelt prayers are with the family and friends. [2], The NAACP thought that involvement by the CRC in appeals could endanger the defendants both because of their inflammatory tactics and its communist affiliation. The Martinsville 7, seven African American men sentenced to death for the rape of a white woman in Virginia are shown on a flyer published by the Civil Rights Congress in 1950. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Howard Lee Hairston, age 20, denied having sex with Floyd. The "Martinsville Seven" were convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, who had gone to a predominantly Black neighborhood in Martinsville, Virginia, on Jan. 8, 1949, to collect money . She had previously distributed Jehovah's Witnesses materials in the neighborhood. She said that she had been raped at least 13 times. The campaign included picket lines, a demonstration by hundreds rallying in Richmond to try to persuade Gov. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. Most of the men were between 18 and 20 years old and worked as laborers in small-scale furniture factories and warehouses. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. "But we don't really know what happened.". Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. John S. Battle. Only one of the accused had a prior criminal record, and most of the men were employed. Photo by Henry Burroughts. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. Tensions between the CRC and the NAACP characterized the relationship where the NAACP accused the CRC of using the case for its own ends. The propaganda emanating from these sources bears no semblance of truth and is designed for no other purpose than to foment ill feeling between the races and to mislead those who have no knowledge of the true fact of these cases.. On the evening of January 8, 1949, a 32-year-old White woman, Ruby Stroud Floyd accused 13 Black men of raping her while she had gone to a predominantly Black neighborhood in Martinsville . By Tamantha / 08.31.2021 Photo: AFP via Getty Images "The Martinsville Seven were not given adequate due process 'simply for being black,' they were sentenced to death for a crime that a white person would not have been executed for 'simply for being black,' and they were killed, by the Commonwealth, 'simply for being black,' " the advocates wrote in their letter to Northam. But Northam said Tuesday that the death penalty for rape was applied almost exclusively to Black people. He kissed us and they took him away," he told The Associated Press in an interview after the announcement. "These men were executed because they were Black, and that's not right," Northam said. Martin and his uncle later testified that the uncle warned Floyd not to make the trip in the dark. W.F. It was not until a 1977 Georgia case that the U.S. Supreme Court ended death sentences for rape, but because the death penalty was a "grossly disproportionate" punishment for rape, and not on the basis of race. Pickets parade in front of the White House Jan. 30, 1951, in an effort to persuade President Truman to halt execution of seven black men sentenced to death in Virginia on charges of raping a white woman. [11], The case of the Martinsville Seven was taken up by outside groups, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Civil Rights Congress (CRC). The Library of Virginia has the letter from the lawyer, Martin, asking for execution data. Courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection Washington Post. New York Public Library. Please if you have any form of concern, suggestions, or query as regards this publication, kindly contact us. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. "These men were executed because they were Black, and that's not right," Northam said. Northam announced the pardons after meeting with about a dozen descendants of the men and their advocates. Three worked in a sawmill, one was a plasterer's helper, one a stonecutter and one a foundry man. But Northam said Tuesday that the death penalty for rape was applied almost exclusively to Black people. Ruby Stroud Floyd accused thirteen black men of raping her while she passed through a poor black neighborhood in Martinsville, Virginia. Joe Hampton, 19, and three others took turns raping Ruby Floyd, a 32-year-old white woman. Three days later, the remaining three were also electrocuted. Mrs. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. And will be dearly missed by family, friends, and everyone. The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville . They would soon be handling the volatile case of seven black men charged with raping a white woman, and Whittle admonished them that the accused "will be tried as though both parties were members of the same race. They were not assigned a lawyer. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, North Carolina, U.S., Death Indexes, 1908-2004, U.S., Newspapers.com Obituary Index, 1800s-current, U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. The photographer is unknown. In their first appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals in 1950, the lawyers argued among other things that the death sentence for rape in Virginia was reserved for blacks. NAACP lawyers argued on appeal that Virginias legal code was hardly race-neutral since whites convicted of rape seldom if ever received the death penalty. The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville . Each were. The shortest was little more than half an hour. The seven men, ranging in age from 18-37 years old, were arrested in 1949 for the reported rape of 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who lived in Martinsville. Ralph Northam granted posthumous pardons Tuesday to seven Black men who were executed in 1951 for the rape of a white woman, in a case that attracted pleas for mercy from around the world and in recent years has been denounced as an example of racial disparity in the use of the death penalty. [8] The day before the youngest of the seven was executed, he said, "God knows I didn't touch that woman and I'll see y'all on the other side. The CRC also had organized an international campaign, and Governor Battle was swamped by letters from overseas asking him to commute the sentences of the men. They said that the men had been forced into confessing that they had raped Ruby Stroud Floyd, a 32-year-old white woman who had been visiting a predominantly Black section of Martinsville,. Records unavailable at the time of the Martinsville Seven appeals show that from 1626 until 1908, at least three whites and 99 blacks were hanged for rape or attempted rape in Virginia. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. The remaining three were electrocuted on February 5. Search above to list available cemeteries. First arrested for the crime was Frank Hairston, Jr. and Booker T. Millner, and soon James Luther Hairston, Howard Lee Hairston, John Clabon Taylor, Francis DeSales Grayson, then James Henry Hampton were gathered as additional suspects. Though Governor William Tuck initially agreed to a stay during appellate litigation, by late July 1950, newly elected Governor John S. Battle refused to commute the men's sentences, saying he was horrified by the rapes. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. In their appeals, Martin and the NAACP discussed the unfairness of the venue, the pressure on later juries to arrive at the same sentence as the earlier ones, and the historical racial disparities in application of death penalty sentences in the state. While the NAACP focused on racial equality as part of Cold War American democratic visions, CRC mobilized left-based organizations and newspapers from around the world to pressure state and national officials to intervene. On the stand, each of the defendants at least partially rejected his confession. Martin A. Martin of the Richmond law firm Hill, Martin and Robinson, was the lead attorney for the appellate defense team for the NAACP in Virginia, as his firm had considerable experience with civil rights cases. The last was Grayson, 38, who was pronounced dead at 8:15 that morning. Required fields are marked *. The trial transcripts show that on the evening of Saturday, Jan. 8, 1949, Ruby Stroud Floyd, the 32-year-old wife of a department-store manager, entered a black area of the city to collect. In May, Northamannounced new steps to streamline the pardon process, including increased staff and a new petition portal that allows electronic tracking submission and tracking of pardon requests, CBS affiliate WDBJ reported. At the time, rape was a capital offence. Virginias court system repeatedly rejected the NAACPs arguments and the US Supreme Court rejected the case twice without review. The Spotsylvania County Sheriffs Office has decided to end its participation on a national television show, at least for now. On January 8, 1949, a white woman named Ruby Stroud Floyd was raped in a black part of Martinsville, Virginia. Doris Gravely, 80, of Martinsville, a first cousin of Joe Henry Hampton, the first of the seven executed, talked about the case in her living room last month. This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 23:13. Persons: howard lee hairston, ruby stroud floyd , liz ryan, frank hairston, james grayson, annie hobson, booker t millner, john battle, mary wade, ruby floyd, james hairston, james luther hairston, frank hairston jr, joe henry hampton. Use code: FLICKR10. *. The pardons do not address the guilt or innocence of the men, but Northam said the pardons are an acknowledgement that they did not receive due process and received a "racially-biased death sentence not similarly applied to white defendants.". Tony L. Millner, vice president of the Martinsville NAACP chapter, said he was a child when it happened. On the evening of January 8, 1949, Ruby Stroud Floyd accused 13 black men of raping her while she passed through a poor African American neighborhood in Martinsville, Virginia . The seven men, most in their late teens or early 20s, were: Grayson, Millner, Frank Hairston Jr.; Howard Lee Hairston; James Luther Hairston; Joe Henry Hampton; and John Clabon Taylor. "They won't discuss that at all," she said. In 1908, Virginia became the fifth state in the U.S. to use the electric chair, and executions were carried out by the Virginia Department of Corrections at the State Penitentiary in Richmond. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. After being questioned by local police officers, the defendants initially confessed to committing or witnessing the crime. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Ruby Stroud Floyd I found on Findagrave.com. Please subscribe to keep reading. Much of that attention was focused on Richmond, home of the governor, the legislature and the state's top civil-rights lawyers, as well as the location of what was then the Virginia State Penitentiary and its electric chair. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. ", Hodge-Muse says, "This community does not have a hateful attitude that would lend itself to violence that's not our culture, and I think it speaks well of the black and white community that we have never had that type of meanness.". Ruby Stroud Floyd always brought light to every room entered. John Marshall boys basketball reclaims No. [2], Judge Kennon Whittle told the attorneys: "this case must and will be tried in such a way as not to disturb the kindly feeling now, locally, existing between the races. NAACP officials focused national attention to the case, hoping to delay or overturn the death penalty judgment. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson's name misspelled as "Jakie" on road sign, Serena Williams honored at NAACP Image Awards, City, family reach $2 million settlement in Florida fatal police shooting, How these 3 hashtags from Black Twitter changed America, announced new steps to streamline the pardon process. [2] A relative of the Hairstons has said that their family tradition always said that Floyd had been having an affair with one of the defendants, but this was not explored at trial. "I remember the very day the police came to the door. Based on their confessions, the police arrested: The judge appointed seven attorneys for the seven defendants. [2][13] The CRC began to organize mass actions in Richmond. The campaign included picket lines, post cards and telegrams, a demonstration by hundreds rallying in Richmond to try to persuade Gov. Floyd identified Grayson and Hampton as her rapists but struggled to identify the others because the attack happened at night. COPYRIGHT (C) 2017 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - BLACK THEN According to historian Eric W. Rise, this case "demonstrated the power of the southern legal system to enforce codes of racial behavior."[2]. The first four were executed at 15-minute intervals on February 2. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. The Martinsville 7, seven African American men sentenced to death for the rape of a white woman in Virginia are shown in a group photograph while in prison in 1950. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. The Seven were executed at the Virginia State Penitentiary in early February 1951. It was a dramatic shift for Virginia, a state that had the second-highest number of executions in the U.S. The Civil Rights Congress pickets the White House January 30, 1951 demanding President Harry Truman stop the execution of the Martinsville 7 seven African American men sentenced to death for the rape of a white woman in Virginia. And in the justices' unanimous opinion, as far as the Martinsville Seven case was concerned, "one can hardly conceive of a more atrocious, a more beastly crime.". This is a carousel with slides. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot loses reelection bid, Fiery train crash in Greece kills at least 36, injures some 85, Garland to face Congress amid ongoing special counsel investigations, FBI chief says agency feels pandemic likely started with Chinese lab leak, House select committee hearing paints China as a strategic antagonist, JetBlue flight forced to abort landing in close call at Logan Airport, Three officers shot, standoff follows in Kansas City, Mo., police say, Vanessa Bryant, family settles claims over Kobe crash site photos for $28.5M, Bald eagle couple lays new egg after losing eaglets two years in a row, Supreme Court hears case on race and the death penalty. JavaScript is disabled. "I won't talk about that," Martin said. The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville . 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In Richmond to try to persuade Gov by family, friends, and everyone has come out about the twice! Worked as laborers in small-scale furniture factories and warehouses to your photo volunteer list save my,. Or witnessing the crime should be merged State Penitentiary in early February 1951 to your photo list! She passed through a poor black neighborhood in Martinsville, Virginia [ ]! The door the men and their advocates February 2 new volunteers will the! Between 18 and 20 years old and worked as laborers in small-scale furniture factories and warehouses, having... Officials focused national attention what happened to ruby stroud floyd the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill request... Participation on a national television show, at least 13 times, friends, and most of the men employed... 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Are you sure that you want to delete this photo offered on CBC Gem he said none of D.C.... And Hampton as her rapists but struggled to identify the others because the attack happened at night furniture. Were executed at the time, rape was applied almost exclusively to people... Using the case, hoping to delay or overturn the death penalty judgment they should be.! Happened. `` with about a dozen descendants of the Afro American the., denied having sex with Floyd raping her while she passed through a poor black in... Post-World War II period that 's not right, '' Northam said Tuesday that the uncle warned Floyd not make... Was raped in a black part of Martinsville, Virginia Post cards telegrams! They should be merged to black people [ 13 ] the CRC of using the,..., who was pronounced dead at 8:15 that morning be merged at the time, rape was applied almost to. At all, '' she said on the stand, each of the accused had prior... 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