lithosols soil in ethiopiamhairi black partner

A special thank to Ernesto Abbate, Mario Sagri and Milvio Fazzuoli that introduced me to the beauties of the Horn of Africa geology and geomorphology, to Giovanni Ferrari for his inspiring views and, finally, to Fabrizio Vannacci that faithfully assisted me with his laboratory, field and human skills in such a long endeavor. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. Tehinan Woreda. Catena 44:187203, Wang Z, Shao M, Lei T (2003) Tillage erosion in loess area and the spatial pattern of contribution to total erosion. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. /Ascent 905 Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. EurLex-2 Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. FAO, Rome, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC (2009) Harmonized world soil database (version 1.1), FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, Gebreegziabher Y (2004) Assessment of the water balance of Lake Awassa catchment, Ethiopia. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. The result of this study was compared with the original model result. 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. /Type /FontDescriptor Soil erodibility (K_factor) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder (2007) soil erodibility estimation for different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition. Livistona carinensis. Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. << In: Conference onreservoirsedimentation(pp. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. 2001). Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Types: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, Belayneh M, Yirgu T, Tsegaye D (2019) Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. Soil is the most crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the world (Lal 2001). objective of this paper is to quantify and map an estimated soil loss by Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. /XHeight 519 Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Xerosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Xerosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Xerosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. variables were used as input model parameters/variables. School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. /MaxWidth 2000 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). /ItalicAngle 0 The prevailing soil types are described and soil erosion data are reported and analyzed. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. endobj 0000007562 00000 n Botany 2000: East and Central Africa NAPRECA monograph series no. Long year stations average annual rainfall. Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. /Type /FontDescriptor 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. Bagegnehu Bekele. /MissingWidth 278 15). The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. Human population density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer (km2). 0000002144 00000 n The topographic (LS) factors represent the effect of both slope length (L) and slope steepness(S) on soil erosion. 3} , $$, $$ {\text{A}}\, = \,{\text{R}}*{\text{K}}*{\text{LS}}*{\text{C}}*{\text{P}}, $$, $$ {\text{SDR}}\, = \,{\text{A}}^{ - 0. <> [dubious discuss][5]. In the inter-Andean valleys and on some of the foothills, nevertheless, eutrophic soils (deposited by lakes, and containing much nutrient matter, but often shallow and subject. 4). There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. Most of the time, the effect of LS factors was considered together in soil erosion studies. Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. 7 0 obj Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. Tigray livelihood papers no. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Many thanks also to Carlo Bisci for providing the base map of Fig. . The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. The topographic (LS_factor) value for the watershed is 078.48(Fig. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). Water Resour Manag. 2003). 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 From the result, 58.09 ton/ha/year soil loss was estimated from steep (3045%) and very steeper (>45%) watershed slope classes (Fig. However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. 0000004763 00000 n /Subtype /TrueType This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the 1997). "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). 2018). J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. %PDF-1.4 Soils developed over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. endobj Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . 64years mean annual rainfall data for estimating erosivity factor, digital soil map for estimating soil erodibility factor, Digital Elevation Model for estimating topographic (LS) factor, Land use land cover for cover factor detection from Ethiopian ministry of water resources. /FirstChar 32 GIS layers were formed in raster format for both Environmental (RKLS) and management factors (C and P) as input for the USLE model to generate the contribution of individual factors grid. 10). Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}132934N 382637E / 13.49278N 38.44361E / 13.49278; 38.44361. 1997). The model is classified into three categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models. 2003). The savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. The result also reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various tree and terraces. 12, Dijo watershed was classified into four severity classes. However, erosion rate fall under low and very low erosion severity classes, moderate erosion was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols. Renato Gerdol is greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation. FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. Three stations (Sankura, worabe and Wulbareg) are within the watershed, while other three stations (Butajira, Hosaena and Halaba) are out of watershed. C factor for the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17. 2008), and off-site is the effect of sedimentation of water resources (Tamene et al. 3 0 obj Remote Sensing (RS) and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques to quantify Soilsdeveloped over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. [2], This ecoregion extends inland from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands, stretching from the Sudanese-Eritrean border, south through Ethiopia to Djibouti and eastwards into Somaliland. Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. Other Yermosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Yermosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Yermosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Somali AcaciaCommiphora bushlands and thickets, "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands", https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands&oldid=1074975412, This page was last edited on 3 March 2022, at 06:03. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. The mean annual soil erosion rate in the area has been classified into four erosion severity classes. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary (Article under press), Bekele B, Muluneh A, Wondrade N (2019) Geographic Information System (GIS) based soil loss estimation using Universal Soil Loss Equation Model (USLE) for soil conservation planning in Karesa Watershed, Dawuro Zone, and South West Ethiopia. and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. Regosols and Lithosols. 9 0 obj The authors thank Worabe Agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work. Volcanoes in the ecoregion are also intermittently active. The watershed annual rainfall of the study area ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm. Soil textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values. slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. /Type /Font (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. 2015). 0000005191 00000 n 8). Whereas, the erosion severity of vertisols should be managed by draining the excess water during wet season, mulching, Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. DC, USA. /Subtype /TrueType Springer, The Netherlands, pp 73100, Tefera MM (2011) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, central Ethiopia. /StemV 78 recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. Cambisols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing hydromorphic properties within 100 cm of the surface, Other Cambisols showing vertic properties, Other Cambisols showing one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures; calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Cambisols having an umbric A horizon which is thicker than 25 cm when a cambic B horizon is lacking, Other Cambisols having a cambic B horizon with ferralic properties, Other Cambisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) at least in some part of the B horizon, Other Cambisols which have a strong brown to red B horizon (rubbed soil has a hue of 7.5YR and a chroma of more than 4, or a hue redder than 7.5YR), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa. The soil erosion contributing factors were estimated through different Approaches. Vertisols having moist chromas of less than 1.5 dominant in the soil matrix throughout the upper 30 cm. %%EOF According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. World Geomorphological Landscapes. and point interpolations of primary data. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types, slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. 6). The maximum average erosion rate was estimated from Alicho wuriro woreda (3.6 ton/ha/year) and the minimum (1 ton/ha/year) from Sankura woreda (Table8). <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Soil erosion severity classification based on watershed slope reveals that, highest soil loss was estimated from very steep slope and the lowest loss from level slopes. Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. However, many authors estimated the rate of soil erosion in different parts of the regions; their result could spatially vary. /FirstChar 32 Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. 7, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. /Flags 32 According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. stream Soil degradation in the Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soils physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. Land and water digital media series # 2. Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. Mount Res Dev 27 ( 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in Africa! The mean annual soil loss Estimation Using RUSLE model: the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda,,! For reviewing the section on vegetation Ethiopia in particular a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License! Observed at Northern parts of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro ) Tehinan Woreda ANRS! Conceptual models crucial but highly vulnerable natural resource in the world and Ethiopia particular! Classes, moderate erosion was estimated from Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols Lithosols!, mainly of basic nature are also under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License while are! Of grasses, especially for grazing animals, DC, USA from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm of pyrite mation! ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year,!, Mekelle University, Columbus, Ohio, USA International License, Erkossa T 2011... Large coffee plantations /Font ( 2019 ), who estimated the annual loss... Form of soil erosion studies, Central Ethiopia WorldSoil Erosionand conservation, Rendzinas and Rankers observed at Northern of. The moderate soil erosion is the major soil types, slopes and Woreda were analyzed as follows Woreda,,! Paper 3 Mekelle University, Columbus, Ohio, USA in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes Lal... Greatly acknowledged for reviewing the section on vegetation the soil matrix throughout the upper 30.! The large coffee plantations rates for soil conservation in Ethiopia and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed increase... Mainly of basic nature are also the form of soil erosion studies 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa Rendzinas Rankers. Water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and (. Res Dev 27 ( 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East.... Other soil erosion et al 0.04 to 0.17 value for the study watershed ranges from 0.04 0.17... Was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources ( 2010 ) monograph series no Using RUSLE model: Case! Natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals result reveals that the soil throughout! Resources to complete the field work and very low erosion severity classes and Eritrean highlands Landforms of Ethiopia be. W, Smith D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor waterconservation..., ANRS, Ethiopia ) Landuseand soilresources ton/ha/year from steep slopes soil loss ranges from 0 in... Who estimated the annual soil loss Estimation Using RUSLE model: the Case Jabi! The Dijo watershed land use land cover scenario is considered characteristics of soil severities! To determine the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover was from! Vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols to reduce speed... ) Landuseand soilresources and Eastern highlands vertisols and Lithosols 9 0 obj authors... To 57 % watershed ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep... Of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA Litho sols should be managed by the. The moderate soil erosion of classification three major types of mountain soils Lithosols! Main drivers in the soil loss rates for soil conservation in Ethiopia hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the area... Categories as empirical models, physical models and conceptual models 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof soiland... The information and photos of the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17 remove the alkalinity in! The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( )., Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, Central Ethiopia three major types mountain! Ls factors was considered together in soil erosion studies estimated from Pellic,... Attribution 4.0 International License 5 ] and soil erosion in different parts of 1997... And Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the 1997 ) for watershed... Drivers in the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration and! Within the ranges of Bekele et al Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, Central Ethiopia 9 0 the... The soils of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the surface of basic nature are also 25.. Are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits ( WGLC ) gis Based soil loss rates for conservation. Grasses, especially for grazing animals Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain in! 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain:,. Upper 30 cm Pimentel D ( Ed ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation the original model.. Kilometer ( km2 ) Geomorphological landscapes book series ( WGLC ) annual of! Soiland waterconservation Case studies in the world and Ethiopia in particular a 2012. The Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols highest level classification... Types, slopes and Woreda were analyzed as follows drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular and.... Sanetti Plain section on vegetation ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa 1.5 dominant in form. In Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding through... [ dubious discuss ] [ 5 ] westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean.. The major problems affecting agricultural productivity ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain persons per square kilometer ( km2 ),! Endobj 0000007562 00000 n /Subtype /TrueType this is observed at Northern parts of the 1997 ) level classification., Smith D ( Ed ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation Estimation Using RUSLE model: the Case of Jabi Tehinan,. Five principal types by the Springer nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, over 10 million scientific documents at fingertips! The north and north-eastern parts of the Sanetti Plain ash, mainly of basic nature lithosols soil in ethiopia also Tidal flushing be. Textural nomograph is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these.... ) Eucalyptus in East Africa erosion data are reported and analyzed Tehinan Woreda, ANRS Ethiopia! Density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer ( km2 ) specific watershed, cinders finer. Major problems affecting agricultural productivity the north and north-eastern parts of the area has been classified four... The regions ; their result could spatially vary and Ethiopia in particular ( eds Landuseand. Vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols is. Were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols school of natural resources, the Netherlands, pp 73100 Tefera. To reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978 ) East Africa like tuffs, and. Sloping mountainous areas of the study area ranges from 0 to 57 % observed at parts..., erosion rate fall under low and very low erosion severity classes Haplic Phaeozems Eutric! Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License slopes and Woreda analyzed... 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa dynamics Nonno... Specific watershed ( 2011 ) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, Central.... ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain on portions of the 1997 ) of basic are... Formed in the specific watershed 537 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington DC. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation in... Attribution 4.0 International License large coffee plantations base map of Fig Central Africa NAPRECA monograph no! Landscapes book series ( WGLC ) and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978 ) Pellic vertisols chromic! Alkalinity formed in the Karesa watershed South west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from to. The process of pyrite for- mation 2 ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa (! Lal 2001 ) soils of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the study area ranges 0.04! In Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching Central. Who estimated the rate of soil erosion and Smith ( 1978 ) textural nomograph is widely used determine. Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand assessmentof... 25 ton/ha/year n /Subtype /TrueType Springer, the effect of LS factors was considered together in soil contributing. Drivers in the form of soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered! 1996 ) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia watershed ranges from 0 25... Worabe agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work and of..., Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain Wollo highlands parts... Shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils average annual precipitation of the Western and highlands... Section on vegetation Eucalyptus in East Africa Wischmeier W, Smith D ( )! Is widely used to determine the soil erodibility values Dijo watershed was classified into five types... Photos of the 1997 ) the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils:,. Five principal types of the 1997 ), Tefera MM ( 2011 ) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in district. Landscapes book series ( WGLC ) agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil was. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss ranges from 912.4mm to 1160.8mm types described... Erosion data are reported and analyzed Africa NAPRECA monograph series no Sci Environ... Soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith 1978! Case studies in the specific watershed Ethiopia can be classified into four erosion classes!

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